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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
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The complex interplay between encephalomyocarditis virus and the host defence system.

Jingying Xie1,2, Adi Idris3,4, Ruofei Feng1,5

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.

Virulence
|July 27, 2024
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Summary

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infects various animals, causing severe disease in pigs and posing a zoonotic risk to humans. This review details EMCV's immune evasion strategies and host interactions.

Keywords:
Encephalomyocarditis virusapoptosisautophagyinflammatory responsesinnate immune responsetype I IFN

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a significant pathogen affecting diverse animal species.
  • EMCV is a primary cause of myocarditis and encephalitis in susceptible animals, notably pigs.
  • The virus possesses zoonotic potential, posing a threat to human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex strategies EMCV employs to evade host innate immune responses.
  • To summarize research on EMCV's interactions with host proteins that facilitate infection.
  • To consolidate decades of findings on EMCV virulence and pathogenicity.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of existing research on EMCV.
  • Analysis of studies detailing EMCV's immune evasion mechanisms.
  • Examination of research on EMCV-host protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • EMCV utilizes sophisticated strategies to circumvent host defense systems.
  • Specific host proteins are targeted by EMCV to modulate the infection process.
  • Pigs are identified as a highly susceptible domestic animal species due to high fatality rates.

Conclusions:

  • EMCV's ability to overcome innate immunity is crucial for its pathogenicity.
  • Understanding EMCV's molecular interactions provides insights into viral virulence.
  • This review highlights the importance of continued research into this underappreciated virus.