Clinical manifestations and assessment of ischemic heart disease

This article reviews five clinical techniques for measuring and assessing the manifestations of ischemic heart disease. These measurements are heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, symptoms, and changes in heart sounds. The data obtained from these measurements are discussed in relation to measurement accuracy and to their clinical significance and relationship with the patient's diagnosis, prognosis, and disease manifestations. These clinical measures provide information that is critical to the decision-making processes for patient programming and safety.