Male Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Matthew McCoskey1, Nicholas Vernon1
1Department of Family Medicine, Tidelands Health, 4320 Holmestown Road, Myrtle Beach, SC 29588, USA.
Abstract:
The endocrine system intricately regulates male sexual development and health which influences masculinization, sexual libido, muscle mass, bone density, and overall vitality. Disorders in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis can lead to hypogonadism, gynecomastia, sexual dysfunction, and infertility. Testosterone replacement therapy can be considered for symptomatic hypogonadism but poses risks for azoospermia and polycythemia, along with uncertain impact on cardiovascular disease. Gynecomastia results from a high estrogen-to-androgen ratio, mostly from either excess estrogen or decreased androgens. Sexual dysfunction is more commonly secondary to psychological or metabolic disorders; consider workups to rule out endocrine etiologies including hypogonadism if indicated.
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