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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

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Hallux Rigidus: Update on Conservative Management.

Antoine S Acker¹, Kepler Alencar Mendes de Carvalho², Andrew E Hanselman²

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Scholar, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Centre of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Clinique La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland.

Foot and Ankle Clinics

|July 27, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hallux rigidus, a common arthritis of the big toe joint, affects 20-30% of those over 50. Evidence for conservative treatments like shoe inserts is limited, and many patients eventually need surgery.

Keywords:

Conservative Hallux rigidus Injection Nonoperative Orthotics Therapy

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Rheumatology
Podiatry

Background:

Hallux rigidus is a degenerative arthritis impacting the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint.
Affects an estimated 20-30% of individuals aged 50 and older, with a significant symptomatic subset.
Etiology is not fully understood, though biomechanical factors are increasingly implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of hallux rigidus.
To evaluate the evidence supporting conservative and interventional treatment modalities.
To highlight the limitations in current treatment efficacy data.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on hallux rigidus prevalence, etiology, and treatment.
Analysis of evidence for conservative management (orthotics, footwear modifications).
Assessment of outcomes for injection therapies (corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid) and surgical intervention rates.

Main Results:

Conservative treatments like shoe modifications and insoles lack robust evidence of effectiveness.
Injection therapies show variable results, with approximately 50% of patients proceeding to surgery within 1-2 years.
Initial pain levels correlate with the efficacy of conservative interventions.

Conclusions:

Hallux rigidus is a prevalent degenerative condition with unclear origins.
Current conservative treatments are commonly recommended but lack strong supporting evidence.
A substantial proportion of patients with hallux rigidus eventually require surgical management.