Analysis of Immunohistochemical Expression of BRAF (V600E) Mutation in Serrated Colorectal Polyps: A Study from Tertiary Hospital in Oman

Abir Al Ghafri ¹, Shayma G Sayed ², Suad Al Badi ²

⁰Resident at Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman.

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : Apjcp +

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July 28, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This study found a high prevalence of BRAF (V600E) mutation in serrated colorectal polyps in Oman. Most mutations occurred in hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated lesions, typically under 5mm and in the distal colon.

Area Of Science

Gastroenterology
Oncology
Molecular Pathology

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern.
Serrated polyps are recognized precursor lesions for CRC.
BRAF (V600E) mutation is strongly associated with serrated polyp development.

Purpose Of The Study

To determine the prevalence of BRAF (V600E) mutation in serrated colorectal polyps in the Omani population.
To assess serrated polyp characteristics: type, site, and size.
To investigate the relationship between BRAF (V600E) mutation and polyp features.

Main Methods

Analysis of 91 hyperplastic polyps (HP), 24 sessile serrated lesions (SSL), and 4 tubular adenomas.
BRAF (V600E) immunohistochemical expression was assessed.
Craniopharyngioma and papillary thyroid carcinoma served as controls.

Main Results

BRAF (V600E) was detected in 69.2% of HP and 54.2% of SSL; none in adenomas.
Positive mutations were predominantly found in polyps ≤5 mm (75.0%) and located in the distal colon (68.1%).
Multiple polyps were observed in the majority of BRAF (V600E) positive cases (61.8%).

Conclusions

Serrated polyps have a high potential for CRC development.
Immunohistochemistry provides a reliable method for detecting BRAF (V600E) mutation.
A high prevalence (64.3%) of BRAF mutation was observed in Omani serrated polyps, primarily in smaller, distal hyperplastic polyps and SSLs.

Keywords:

BRAF (v600E) mutation Colorectal polyp Serrated polyps sessile serrated polyp