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Flipping the script: Action-plan modification during single- and multiple-action control.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local changes in action demands trigger frugal action plan modifications, not complete resets. Switching between opposing actions is efficient, suggesting a specialized "invert" operation for simpler response adjustments.

Keywords:
Action planningDual-action benefitsMultiple-action controlPrecueing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Human motor control
  • Decision-making

Background:

  • Action plans are cognitive representations guiding motor execution.
  • Changes in task demands can necessitate adjustments to ongoing action plans.
  • The mechanisms underlying action plan updates are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether local changes in action demands lead to frugal modifications of existing action plans or complete resets.
  • To examine the efficiency of action plan modification operations, particularly for opposing responses.
  • To explore the representation of dual actions and null actions in cognitive planning.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental procedure using reliable cues to indicate action requirements.
  • Systematic variation of cue validity across four experiments.
  • Measurement of response times and error rates for various action conditions (left, right, dual, null).

Main Results:

  • Action plan modification was supported over reset-reselection, especially for switching between left and right responses.
  • Switching between polar opposite actions ('invert' operation) was faster and less error-prone.
  • Dual actions were represented holistically, not as a sum of single actions.
  • Switching from null to overt actions involved similar modification operations as other switches.
  • Trial-by-trial and cue-signal incongruency effects on action demands yielded similar results.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive systems employ efficient action-plan-modification operations to adapt to changing task demands.
  • A specialized 'invert' operation facilitates rapid switching between opposing actions.
  • Null actions are represented as distinct action plans, not merely an absence of action.
  • Cue-based action planning, even without execution, influences action switching dynamics.