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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Diffusion decrease in normal-appearing white matter structures following photon or proton irradiation indicates

Katharina Witzmann1, Felix Raschke1, Tim Wesemann2

  • 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.

Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
|July 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiotherapy causes changes in brain white matter microstructure, detectable by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). These diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes in normal-appearing white matter (WM) depend on radiation dose and time post-treatment.

Keywords:
Diffusion-tensor imagingMagnetic resonance imagingPrimary brain tumorProton beam irradiationWhite matter structures

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Radiochemotherapy (RCT) is standard for glioma patients.
  • RCT exposes surrounding normal-appearing (NA) brain tissues to radiation.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can assess radiotherapy's effects on brain microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze regional DTI changes in white matter (WM) structures after radiotherapy.
  • To determine the dose- and time-dependency of these DTI changes.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal prospective study (NCT02824731) of 23 glioma patients treated with proton or photon beam therapy.
  • MRI data acquired at 3-month intervals up to 36 months post-irradiation.
  • Analysis of mean, radial, and axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in 15 WM structures using multivariate linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Significantly decreased RD and MD observed in four WM structures (internal capsule, corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus) after RCT.
  • Posterior thalamic radiation showed the most pronounced changes (ΔRD = -8.51%, ΔMD = -6.14%).
  • DTI changes were significantly dependent on mean radiation dose and follow-up time.

Conclusions:

  • Significant DTI changes in WM substructures were detected even at low radiation doses.
  • Findings suggest potential for new radiation dose constraints to spare vulnerable WM structures.
  • This could help mitigate treatment-related side effects in glioma patients.