Identification and characterization of four Bacillus species from the intestine of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂), their antagonistic role on common pathogenic bacteria, and effects on intestinal health
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.New Bacillus strains isolated from hybrid grouper gut show probiotic potential. These fish-derived probiotics enhance growth, immunity, and gut health, offering a sustainable alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture.
Area Of Science
- Aquaculture
- Microbiology
- Immunology
Background
- Antibiotic use in aquaculture is criticized due to environmental and resistance concerns.
- Commercially available probiotics are often ineffective as they are not fish-derived.
- There is a need for novel, fish-specific probiotic strains to enhance aquaculture health and productivity.
Purpose Of The Study
- To isolate and characterize novel Bacillus species from the gut of hybrid grouper.
- To evaluate the probiotic properties and biosafety of these isolates.
- To assess the impact of these probiotics on fish growth, immunity, and intestinal health.
Main Methods
- Isolation and characterization of Bacillus spp. using morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA sequencing.
- In vitro assessment of probiotic properties like adhesion, thermotolerance, bile tolerance, and antimicrobial activity.
- In vivo 30-day feeding trial with hybrid grouper to evaluate biosafety, growth performance, and immunological parameters.
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of intestinal mucosal microvilli.
Main Results
- Four Bacillus strains (B. velezensis PGSAK01, B. stercoris PGSAK05, B. velezensis PGSAK17, B. subtilis PGSAK19) were identified.
- Isolates demonstrated promising probiotic characteristics including high adhesion, thermotolerance, bile tolerance, and antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens.
- In vivo trials showed significant improvements in weight gain, immunological markers (lysozyme, antioxidant activity), and intestinal morphology in supplemented fish compared to controls.
- No pathogenic virulence genes were detected, and isolates showed susceptibility to most tested antibiotics, indicating a good safety profile.
Conclusions
- The identified Bacillus strains possess significant probiotic potential for hybrid grouper aquaculture.
- These fish-derived probiotics can enhance fish growth, immunity, and gut health, providing a safe and effective alternative to antibiotics.
- Further genomic studies are warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of action and optimize their application in functional feeds.
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