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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

163
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
163
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

192
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
192
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

152
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
152
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

141
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
141
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

149
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
149
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

1.5K
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
1.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

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Pulmonary Hypertension in Children.

Rachel T Sullivan1, Eric D Austin2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carrell Jr Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232-2578, USA.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|July 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) affects children and shares similarities with adult forms. Advances in treatment and care have significantly improved survival rates for children with PH into adulthood.

Keywords:
Developmental lung diseaseMedicationsPediatricPulmonary hypertensionWSPH classification

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur at any age, including childhood.
  • Pediatric PH is often linked to early life conditions affecting pulmonary vasculature.
  • All adult PH types are observed in children, with varying prevalence by subtype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of pediatric pulmonary hypertension.
  • To highlight the evolution of treatment and survival in pediatric PH.
  • To underscore the importance of specialized care and transition programs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric pulmonary hypertension.
  • Analysis of prevalence and associations of PH subtypes in children.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic advances and care models.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric PH encompasses all adult PH types, with subtype prevalence differences.
  • Early life factors significantly contribute to pediatric pulmonary vascular disease.
  • Improved survival to adulthood is evident in pediatric PH cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric PH requires specialized, multidisciplinary care approaches.
  • Advancements in PH-specific medications and therapies enhance outcomes.
  • Successful transition programs are crucial for long-term pediatric PH patient management.