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Understanding the Evolving Pathophysiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Adult Nursing Management

Kathleen M Luckner1, Maureen A Seckel2

  • 1ChristianaCare, 4755 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19713, USA.

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
|July 28, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This summary covers the evolving understanding and management of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Key treatments include antivirals, immunomodulators, and anticoagulants, alongside supportive care for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019, rapidly escalating into a global pandemic.
  • Understanding of COVID-19's pathophysiology, treatment, and management has significantly evolved since 2020.
  • COVID-19 presents with potential complications including immune dysfunction, hypoxemic lung injury, acute kidney injury, and coagulopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the current understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • To detail the evolving treatment and management strategies for COVID-19 based on disease severity.
  • To highlight key therapeutic classes and supportive measures for managing COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature and clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of disease progression from asymptomatic to severe, life-threatening presentations.
  • Categorization of recommended pharmacological and supportive interventions.

Main Results:

  • Treatment is stratified according to illness severity, from mild to critical.
  • Three primary medication classes are recommended: antivirals, immunomodulators, and anticoagulants.
  • Supportive therapies are crucial, including oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, and prone positioning.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of COVID-19 requires a multi-faceted approach tailored to individual patient needs.
  • Antivirals, immunomodulators, and anticoagulants form the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy.
  • Aggressive supportive care is essential for improving outcomes in severe COVID-19 cases.

Keywords:
COVID-19CoronavirusEvidenced-based practicePathophysiologySARS-CoV-2

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