Delirium and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Looking Back, Moving Forward.

Area of Science:

• Critical Care Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Geriatrics

Background:

• The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated crisis-driven changes in clinical care.
• These changes, including deep sedation and visitor restrictions, significantly increased the incidence of delirium in intensive care units (ICUs).
• Factors such as high workload and health system strain exacerbated the problem, leading to a doubling of delirium rates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the impact of pandemic-related care changes on ICU delirium rates.
• To highlight the need for integrating lessons learned into post-pandemic healthcare strategies.
• To advocate for a holistic approach to patient care, emphasizing delirium management and family involvement.

Main Methods:

• Observational analysis of ICU care changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Review of factors contributing to increased delirium incidence.
• Synthesis of strategies for post-pandemic recovery and improved patient care.

Main Results:

• Delirium rates in the ICU doubled during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Deep sedation, restricted visitation, and system strain were key contributing factors.
• The pandemic underscored the importance of evidence-based delirium management and family engagement.

Conclusions:

• Healthcare systems must prioritize post-pandemic recovery, incorporating lessons learned from the pandemic.
• Effective delirium management strategies, including evidence-based care and family involvement, are crucial.
• Empowering clinicians and creatively delivering care are essential for a more holistic patient care model.