Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

2.0K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
2.0K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

2.6K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
2.6K
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

4.4K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
4.4K
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

1.7K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
1.7K
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

1.4K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
1.4K
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

209
Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
209

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Dyshormonogenetic goiter in a patient with congenital hypothyroidism: clinical, morphological and genetic features].

Arkhiv patologii·2026
Same authorSame journal

[Prognostic significance of dynamic evaluation of C-peptide level in prediction type 1 diabetes mellitus in children].

Problemy endokrinologii·2026
Same authorSame journal

[Complications of Pseudohypoparathyroidism and Congenital Forms of Hypoparathyroidism in Children].

Problemy endokrinologii·2026
Same authorSame journal

[Changes in ovarian function and ovarian reserve after combined treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer].

Problemy endokrinologii·2026
Same author

[Chronological patterns of lacrimal drainage obstruction following radioactive iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer].

Vestnik oftalmologii·2026
Same author

Does everyone need to take vitamin D? High prevalence of CYP24A1 deficiency in the Russian population.

Problemy endokrinologii·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.4K

[Primary hyperparathyroidism in children].

A R Benina1, A A Kolodkina1, A N Tiul'pakov2

  • 1Endocrinology Research Center.

Problemy Endokrinologii
|July 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study highlights the clinical features and genetic basis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in children, revealing mutations in MEN1, CDC73, and RET genes. Early diagnosis is crucial due to non-specific symptoms in pediatric PHPT cases.

More Related Videos

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

1.9K
Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
07:13

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.4K
Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

1.9K
Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
07:13

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Endocrine Disorders
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a rare endocrine disorder in children, often diagnosed late due to vague symptoms.
  • Characterized by excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, leading to elevated calcium levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical presentation and molecular genetic underpinnings of PHPT in pediatric patients.
  • To analyze the largest cohort of pediatric PHPT cases reported in the Russian Federation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 49 children diagnosed with PHPT between 2014-2022.
  • Comprehensive laboratory, instrumental, and molecular genetic analyses were performed.
  • Surgical and pathological data from 39 operated patients were reviewed.

Main Results:

  • PHPT symptoms appeared around age 13.8, with diagnosis at 15.8 years; common symptoms include fatigue, pain, and fractures.
  • Elevated PTH, calcium, and hypophosphatemia were prevalent; 43% had hypercalciuria.
  • Molecular genetic studies identified mutations in 32.7% of patients, with MEN1 mutations being most common (n=11).
  • Thyroid adenoma was the most frequent diagnosis in operated patients (84.6%).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides insights into the clinical course and genetic landscape of pediatric PHPT.
  • Molecular genetic analysis is essential for understanding the etiology of PHPT in children.
  • The findings emphasize the importance of recognizing non-specific symptoms for timely diagnosis.