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Menthol Dissolved in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Protects Against Epileptiform Activity Induced by Pentylenetetrazol in Male
Yousef Panahi1, Mohammad Amin Monazzah1, Gholamreza Vafaei Saiah1
1Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Introduction:
This research aims to investigate the protective action of menthol dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on experimental epileptiform activity induced by the intraperitoneal (IP) injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in male rats.
Methods:
Thirty adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned to five equal groups. The control animals received normal saline (200 μL) and the rest four cohorts were considered as treatment. Menthol was dissolved in DMSO and intraperitoneally injected at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg into the first, second, and third groups (M100, M200, and M400 V=200 μL), respectively. The fourth treatment was injected with the solvent (200 μL). The animals were anesthetized, then underwent cranial surgery and a recording electrode was implanted in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) region (AP=-2.76 mm, ML=-1.4 mm and DV=3 mm). The seizure activity was induced by PTZ (IP) and assessed by counting and measuring amplitudes of the spikes for 10 minutes using the eTrace program.
Results:
Menthol was observed to significantly reduce the activity level of PTZ-induced epileptiform activity, as well as exert a protective and inhibitory action on proconvulsant effect of DMSO in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion:
Menthol can potentially be used as an adjuvant to prevent seizure activity.
Highlights:
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induces proconvulsant effects, significantly increasing spike counts.Menthol 100 mg/kg also stimulates seizure activity, leading to a substantial spike count increase.Menthol 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibit inhibitory effects, decreasing seizure activity and spike counts.
Plain Language Summary:
In this study, we explored the potential protective effects of menthol, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on experimentally induced epileptiform activity in male rats. Our research involved thirty adult male Wistar rats, divided into five groups. While the control group received normal saline, the remaining four groups were treated with different doses of menthol in DMSO. The rats underwent surgery, and electrodes were implanted in the hippocampal region for recording. Using pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to induce seizure activity, we observed that menthol, administered at varying doses, significantly reduced the level of epileptiform activity triggered by PTZ. Notably, menthol also demonstrated a protective and inhibitory effect on the proconvulsant action of DMSO, and this effect was dose-dependent. In simpler terms, our findings suggest that menthol has the potential to be used as an additional treatment to prevent seizure activity. This means that incorporating menthol, especially at specific doses, may offer a protective influence against epileptic events. This research sheds light on a promising avenue for potential therapeutic interventions, emphasizing the importance of further exploration of menthol's role in epilepsy prevention. Ultimately, our study opens the door to considering menthol as a valuable component in the development of strategies to mitigate the impact of seizures.
Insights
Menthol in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) shows protective effects against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. Higher doses of menthol significantly reduced epileptiform activity, suggesting its potential as an anti-seizure adjuvant.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Epileptiform activity can be experimentally induced using agents like pentylenetetrazol (PTZ).
- Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can exhibit proconvulsant effects, potentially influencing seizure models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the protective action of menthol, dissolved in DMSO, against PTZ-induced experimental epileptiform activity in male rats.
- To evaluate the dose-dependent effects of menthol on seizure activity and the proconvulsant effects of DMSO.
Main Methods:
- Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, vehicle (DMSO), and three menthol doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) in DMSO.
- Electrodes were implanted in the hippocampal CA1 region for recording.
- Seizure activity was induced by intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection and assessed by spike analysis.
Main Results:
- Menthol significantly reduced PTZ-induced epileptiform activity in a dose-dependent manner.
- Menthol demonstrated a protective and inhibitory action against the proconvulsant effect of DMSO.
- While 100 mg/kg menthol showed some proconvulsant activity, 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant inhibitory effects on seizure activity.
Conclusions:
- Menthol exhibits dose-dependent anticonvulsant properties.
- Menthol can potentially serve as an adjuvant therapy to prevent seizure activity.
- Further research into menthol's therapeutic potential for seizure management is warranted.

