Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in the Anterior Mediastinum: A Case Report

Ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) is a rare finding on mediastinoscopy which could be attributed to a defect early in thyroid gland embryogenesis, as the glandular tissue makes its way to a pre-tracheal position. The more distal the location of the ectopic tissue from typically neighboring structures, such as the recurrent laryngeal nerves or the superior thyroid artery, the greater the likelihood for issues such as hyperthyroidism, compression of nearby neurovascular structures, and malignancy. Depending on the exact anatomical location and hormonal activity of the tissue, management can range from administration of iodine to surgical resection. This report discusses a case of ETT discovered during the resection of an anterior mediastinal mass, possible treatment, and management plans.