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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Pre- and post-pandemic risk perceptions and worries.

Katharina Wolff¹, Svein Larsen¹

¹Department of Psychosocial Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Frontiers in Psychology

|July 29, 2024

Summary

Tourists' worry and risk perceptions generally decreased after the COVID-19 pandemic, except for infectious diseases. This suggests tourism may recover, as fears about hazards lessened over time.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Tourist Worry Scale pre- and post monitoring risk perceptions travel and tourism

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Tourism Studies
Public Health

Background:

Understanding evolving tourist risk perceptions is crucial for the travel industry.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global travel and safety concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate changes in worry and risk perceptions among tourists and the general population.
To compare pre-pandemic, during-pandemic, and post-pandemic attitudes towards travel hazards.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional survey data collected from tourists in Norway in 2012, 2019, and 2022.
Survey data also collected from a representative Norwegian sample in 2020.

Main Results:

Overall worry and risk perceptions declined post-pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels.
Perceived risk associated with infectious diseases showed a slight increase in 2022.
Data highlights the value of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies for tracking risk perception shifts.

Conclusions:

The study suggests that negative predictions about tourism's future decline may be unfounded.
Changes in risk perception over time require careful, data-driven analysis.
Post-pandemic recovery in tourism is plausible despite lingering concerns about specific risks.