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Evaluation of in vitro osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation from stem cell: a systematic review of morphological assays and staining techniques

  • 0Department of Science Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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July 29, 2024

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July 29, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review identifies key morphological techniques for studying human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Alizarin Red S and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining are the most common methods for osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively.

Area Of Science

  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background

  • Understanding human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts is critical for bone regeneration and disease modeling.
  • Existing morphological techniques for assessing this differentiation lack a comprehensive review of their application and effectiveness.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To systematically review and identify the most utilized morphological techniques for analyzing osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation from human stem cells.
  • To provide a foundational resource for researchers in the field of bone regeneration and stem cell biology.

Main Methods

  • A systematic literature search was conducted following the PRISMA framework across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
  • Analysis included 254 articles, with 14 selected for in-depth review based on pre-defined inclusion criteria.
  • Morphological techniques for osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were categorized and quantified.

Main Results

  • For osteoblasts, Alizarin Red S (mineralization) was the most frequent technique (six articles), followed by von Kossa (three articles) and alkaline phosphatase (two articles).
  • Immunochemistry (three articles) and Giemsa staining (one article) were also used for osteoblast analysis.
  • Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was the most common method for osteoclasts (six articles), followed by DAPI staining (two articles) and immunochemistry (two articles).

Conclusions

  • Alizarin Red S staining is the predominant morphological method for assessing osteoblast differentiation.
  • TRAP staining is the most frequently employed morphological method for evaluating osteoclast differentiation.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource, highlighting key techniques for future research in stem cell differentiation for bone-related applications.

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