Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

5.4K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.4K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.3K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.3K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

3.6K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.6K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

8.2K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
8.2K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

9.2K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.2K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

5.2K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

State anxiety may mediate the association between striato-cortical circuitry and anxiety symptom severity in generalized anxiety disorder: A resting-state fMRI study and support vector machine analysis.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Comparisons of thalamocortical functional connectivity in transgender women and cisgender individuals: associations with cognition in a Chinese cohort.

Dialogues in clinical neuroscience·2026
Same author

Intrinsic regional brain activity differences and its relationship with neurotransmitter and gene expression in postpartum depression: a voxel-based meta-analysis.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same author

Identification of common spontaneous brain activity alterations across psychiatric disorders.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Thalamic reticular neurons provide cell type-specific modulation of sound processing in the auditory thalamus.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Bright light therapy influences glymphatic system function in individuals with subthreshold depression: a randomized clinical trial.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same journal

Layered social competition coordinates reproductive hierarchy formation in ants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Combination epigenetic-targeted therapy increases the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic sarcomas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Loss of LanC-like proteins delays post-injury regeneration of aging skeletal muscles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Transfer Network: Deep Transfer Learning Across Populations and Prediction Targets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Confidence-supported label-free metabolic imaging with FPhaS phase autofluorescence microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Sequence-encoded autoinhibition couples mRNA decapping activity to phase separation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

11.6K

Direct piriform-to-auditory cortical projections shape auditory-olfactory integration.

Nathan W Vogler1, Ruoyi Chen1, Alister Virkler2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|July 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain integrates sound and smell through direct connections between the piriform cortex and auditory cortex. This pathway is crucial for how odors modulate auditory processing, revealing new insights into sensory integration.

Keywords:
auditoryauditory cortexmultisensory integrationolfactorypiriform cortex

More Related Videos

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve
11:27

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Published on: March 18, 2013

9.2K
In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

5.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

11.6K
Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve
11:27

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Published on: March 18, 2013

9.2K
In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

5.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory processing
  • Cross-modal integration

Background:

  • The brain integrates multisensory information, but neuronal circuits for auditory-olfactory integration are poorly understood.
  • The auditory cortex is a potential site for integrating auditory and olfactory information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuronal mechanisms of auditory-olfactory integration.
  • To identify the role of piriform cortex projections in modulating auditory cortex activity.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical tracing (viral strategies) to map projections.
  • In vivo electrophysiology in awake mice.
  • In vivo optogenetic manipulation during electrophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Direct projections from the piriform cortex to the auditory cortex were identified.
  • Odor stimulation modulated auditory cortical responses to sound.
  • Optogenetic inhibition of piriform cortex input reduced olfactory modulation of auditory responses.

Conclusions:

  • A novel circuit from the piriform cortex to the auditory cortex is identified.
  • This pathway is essential for olfactory modulation of auditory cortex activity.
  • Findings advance understanding of neuronal mechanisms in auditory-olfactory integration.