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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films
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Rare-Earth (R) In-Plane Ordering in Novel (Mo, R, Nb)4AlC3 Quinary o-MAX Nanolaminates and their 2D Derivatives.

Hongyun Guo1, Xiaoxiao Fu2, Lishan Peng3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel super-ordered (s-) MAX phase by introducing rare-earth elements into transition metal carbides. This advancement facilitates the creation of s-MXenes, enhancing supercapacitance and enabling efficient hydrogen evolution reactions.

Keywords:
hydrogen evolution reactionout‐of‐plane orderingrare‐earth in‐plane orderingsupercapacitancetransition‐metal layered carbides

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Nanolamellar transition metal carbides (MAX phases) and their 2D derivatives (MXenes) are crucial for energy storage.
  • Atomic ordering in MAX phases, specifically in-plane and out-of-plane, is critical for their properties.
  • Previous research suggested distinct origins for different ordering types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel super-ordered (s-) MAX phase with controlled atomic arrangements.
  • To investigate the impact of rare-earth element incorporation on MAX phase structure and properties.
  • To explore the potential of the resulting s-MXenes in energy storage and catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Mo3.33-xRxNbxAlC3 (x = 1-2.5) super-ordered MAX phases using rare-earth elements (R = Y, Gd-Tm, Lu).
  • Delamination of s-MAX phases to form s-MXenes with ordered vacancies.
  • Electrochemical characterization for supercapacitance measurements.
  • Investigation of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with Pt anchoring.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of novel Mo3.33-xRxNbxAlC3 super-ordered MAX phases with R and Mo/Nb ordered at specific atomic sites.
  • Easier delamination of s-MAX to s-MXenes, exhibiting enhanced supercapacitance (114.9 F g-1) compared to ordered MAX (o-MAX) derivatives (95.1 F g-1).
  • Achieved a low overpotential of 22 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for HER applications using Pt-anchored s-MXenes.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a new class of super-ordered (s-) MAX phases with precise atomic ordering.
  • Highlighted the potential of s-MXenes derived from these phases for advanced energy storage and catalysis.
  • The findings encourage further research into ordered MAX and MXene materials.