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Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
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Magnetically Responsive Gallium-Based Liquid Metal: Preparation, Property and Application.

Yifeng Shen1,2, Dongdong Jin1, Tiefeng Li2

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Summary

Magnetically responsive liquid metals offer enhanced properties over traditional soft materials. This review explores their synthesis, properties, and applications in electronics and thermal management.

Keywords:
Lorentz forcecompositeflexible electronicgallium-based liquid metalmagnetic responsephysicochemical propertysoft mattersoft roboticthermal management

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Soft Robotics

Background:

  • Soft smart materials are attractive for their flexibility and remote control.
  • Traditional soft materials have limitations in density, thermal, and electrical conductivity.
  • These limitations hinder applications in medical radiography, electronics, and thermal management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for creating magnetically responsive liquid metals.
  • To discuss their physicochemical properties and influencing factors.
  • To explore current and potential applications and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of magnetic agents into liquid metal matrices.
  • Utilizing induced Lorentz forces for magnetic responsiveness.
  • Comprehensive analysis of material properties and performance.

Main Results:

  • Magnetically responsive liquid metals overcome limitations of traditional soft materials.
  • Key properties and influencing factors are detailed.
  • Advanced applications in various fields are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetically responsive liquid metals present a promising alternative for advanced applications.
  • Further research is needed to address current challenges and unlock future potential.
  • This field offers exciting prospects for innovation in smart materials.