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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

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Effect of the COPE Program on Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Preterm Infants: A Pretest-Posttest Quasi-Experimental

Kathrin Hirter1, Barbara Dinten-Schmid, Alexander Avian

  • 1Author Affiliations: Head Office of Nursing, Department of Nursing Development, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland (Ms Hirter and Dr Spichiger); Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (Ms Dinten-Schmid); Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria (Dr Avian); COPE for HOPE Inc, Hammondsport, New York (Dr Feinstein); Children's Hospital Boblingen, Boblingen, Germany (Dr Nelle); and Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland (Ms Stoffel Zurcher).

The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing
|July 29, 2024
PubMed

The birth of a premature infant and its subsequent hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit are stressful experiences for mothers. Because of uncertainty concerning interactions with a premature baby, mothers often feel helpless and only hesitantly assume their maternal role. This may have a negative impact on the mother-child interaction and prevents mothers from taking an active part in E46www.jpnnjournal.com the care for their child. "Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment" (COPE) is a 4-phase educational intervention program aiming to systematically involve parents into caring for their premature infant. In this pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study in 2 Swiss university hospitals, we focused on maternal self-efficacy. We compared self-efficacy in mothers receiving the COPE program or standard care alone at baseline and 3 months after estimated delivery date. To measure maternal self-efficacy, we used the "Tool to measure Parenting Self-Efficacy" (TOPSE). While scores for "Emotion and Affection," "Empathy and Understanding," as well as "Learning and Knowledge" increased in both groups, only "Learning and Knowledge" scores were significantly higher in the intervention group. Given the intention of improving learning and knowledge, the COPE program might be a promising intervention contributing to enhanced maternal self-efficacy.

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