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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
Published on: August 17, 2022
Proposal for a complementary safety checklist for spine surgery.
Antonio José Vargas López1, Gador Ramos Bosquet2, Carlos Fernández Carballal3
1Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas, Almería, Spain; Hospital Vithas, Almería, Spain.
This study developed a specialized checklist for spine surgery, enhancing patient safety beyond the standard World Health Organization (WHO) surgical checklist. The new checklist addresses critical aspects specific to spinal procedures.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Surgical Safety
Background:
- The World Health Organization (WHO) generic surgical checklist provides a standardized safety framework.
- Specialized surgical procedures require tailored safety protocols beyond generic guidelines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and incorporate patient safety aspects specific to spine surgery into a complementary checklist.
- To enhance the existing WHO surgical checklist for neurosurgical procedures.
Main Methods:
- Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was employed with surgical professionals.
- Candidate items for the checklist were scored based on suitability for spine surgery.
- A rigorous selection process identified items for inclusion in the final checklist.
Main Results:
- Twenty-one candidate items were proposed for the spine surgery checklist.
- Thirteen high-scoring items were selected for incorporation.
- These items were distributed across the initial, pre-incision, and final phases of the procedure.
Conclusions:
- Neurosurgical professionals identified critical safety aspects not covered by the generic WHO checklist.
- A specific checklist for spine surgery can significantly improve patient safety and procedural success.
- This specialized checklist complements the WHO guidelines for enhanced neurosurgical care.
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