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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Infertility in Males01:23

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
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Fertilization01:38

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Horney's Sociocultural Approach01:27

Horney's Sociocultural Approach

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Karen Horney's psychoanalytic theories emphasize the potential for self-realization and the importance of addressing social and cultural, rather than biological, factors in personality development. She challenged traditional Freudian views, particularly Freud's concept of "penis envy," which she argued stemmed from cultural influences rather than inherent biological differences. Horney believed that any sense of inferiority in women was a result of societal conditioning, such as...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
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Why couple infertility is historically a female-driven problem?

Linda Vignozzi1,2,3,4, Sarah Cipriani1,2,3,5, Donatella Lippi6

  • 1Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

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Summary

Historically, women bore sole blame for couple infertility. Modern medicalization now acknowledges male infertility, promoting a more equitable approach to reproductive challenges.

Keywords:
couple infertilitygenderhistoryinfertilitymedical humanitiesmedicine

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Gender Studies
  • Medical History

Background:

  • Infertility studies intersect significantly with gender issues.
  • Historical perspectives reveal evolving societal views on reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the historical roots of gender inequality in couple infertility.
  • To trace the evolution of infertility's social and cultural constructs across different eras.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review methodology was employed.
  • Extensive literature search focused on women's roles in infertility throughout history.

Main Results:

  • Ancient societies rarely considered male infertility, often placing blame on women.
  • This historical "blame the woman" approach had profound social implications.

Conclusions:

  • Societies historically attributed couple infertility exclusively to women due to their procreative role.
  • Contemporary medicalization of infertility has facilitated a more shared understanding, including male contribution.