Maximizing Potential Applications of MAX Phases: Sustainable Synthesis of Multielement Ti₃AlC₂

This study employs the molten-salt-shielded method to dope the Ti₃AlC₂ MAX phase with Nb and Mo, aiming to expand the intrinsic potential of the material. X-ray diffraction confirms the preservation of the hexagonal lattice structure of Ti₃AlC₂, while Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses reveal the successful incorporation of dopants with subtle yet significant alterations in the vibrational modes and chemical environment. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy characterizations illustrate the characteristic layered morphology and uniform dopant distribution. Density functional theory simulations provide insights into the modified electronic structure, displaying changes in carrier transport mechanisms and potential increases in metallic conductivity, particularly when doping occurs at both the M and A sites. The computational findings are corroborated by the experimental results, suggesting that the enhanced material may possess improved properties for electronic applications. This comprehensive approach not only expands the MAX phase family but also tailors its functionality, which could allow for the production of hybrid materials with novel functionalities not present in the pristine form.