Methodologic and Data-Analysis Triangulation in Case Studies: A Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Nursing Research
• Health Services Research
• Methodology

Background:

• Triangulation is a key method for enhancing the validity of case study research.
• Understanding triangulation processes in nurse practitioner primary health care research is crucial for methodological rigor.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the processes of methodologic and data-analysis triangulation in case studies.
• To examine the application of triangulation in research focusing on nurse practitioners in primary health care.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework.
• Searches included MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, hand searching nursing journals, and reference list examination.
• Studies published in English or German before August 2023, defining a case study design and using multiple data sources, were included.

Main Results:

• Eight articles were included, with five describing within-method triangulation and three detailing between/across-method triangulation.
• Data collection methods included interviews, observation, documentation, service records, and questionnaires.
• Data analysis involved various qualitative and quantitative methods, but details on comparing results were often lacking.

Conclusions:

• Processes for methodologic and data-analysis triangulation in case studies lack sufficient detail, hindering standardization and research traceability.
• Terminological confusion complicates triangulation in nursing research.
• Authors should critically reflect on triangulation processes and utilize tools like protocols or mixed-methods matrices for transparent reporting.