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Methodologic and Data-Analysis Triangulation in Case Studies: A Scoping Review.

Margarithe Charlotte Schlunegger1,2, Maya Zumstein-Shaha1,2, Rebecca Palm2,3

  • 1Department of Health Professions, Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.

Western Journal of Nursing Research
|July 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This scoping review highlights that while methodologic and data-analysis triangulation processes are described in nurse practitioner case studies, they lack detail. Improved reporting is needed for standardization and research traceability in nursing.

Keywords:
case studiesnurse practitionersprimary health carereviewtriangulation

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Research
  • Health Services Research
  • Methodology

Background:

  • Triangulation is a key method for enhancing the validity of case study research.
  • Understanding triangulation processes in nurse practitioner primary health care research is crucial for methodological rigor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the processes of methodologic and data-analysis triangulation in case studies.
  • To examine the application of triangulation in research focusing on nurse practitioners in primary health care.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework.
  • Searches included MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, hand searching nursing journals, and reference list examination.
  • Studies published in English or German before August 2023, defining a case study design and using multiple data sources, were included.

Main Results:

  • Eight articles were included, with five describing within-method triangulation and three detailing between/across-method triangulation.
  • Data collection methods included interviews, observation, documentation, service records, and questionnaires.
  • Data analysis involved various qualitative and quantitative methods, but details on comparing results were often lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Processes for methodologic and data-analysis triangulation in case studies lack sufficient detail, hindering standardization and research traceability.
  • Terminological confusion complicates triangulation in nursing research.
  • Authors should critically reflect on triangulation processes and utilize tools like protocols or mixed-methods matrices for transparent reporting.