New Concepts on the Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pathophysiology
• Ischemic Heart Disease

Background:

• Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) represents the most severe manifestation of ischemic heart disease.
• The precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ACS are not fully elucidated and are subject to ongoing research and conceptual evolution.
• Current understanding includes atherosclerotic plaque thrombosis and non-atherosclerotic etiologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review and discuss the diverse pathophysiological mechanisms of ACS.
• To offer novel perspectives on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of ACS.
• To highlight the complexity and interplay of various contributing factors in ACS.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current research on ACS pathophysiology.
• Synthesis of information on established and emerging mechanisms of ACS.
• Analysis of the clinical significance of different pathophysiological pathways.

Main Results:

• Identified key pathophysiological mechanisms: plaque rupture, plaque erosion, calcified nodules (CN), coronary vasospasm, and myocardial bridging (MB).
• Recognized that these mechanisms can overlap and coexist within individual ACS patients.
• Emphasized the intricate and multifactorial nature of ACS pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• The complex pathophysiological mechanisms of ACS significantly impact diagnosis and treatment strategies.
• A thorough understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for advancing ACS management.
• This review provides a foundation for future research and clinical approaches to ACS.