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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
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Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Dual-Dye Optical Mapping of Hearts from RyR2R2474S Knock-In Mice of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
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Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Current Updates and Future Challenges.

Zafraan Zathar1, Nihit Shah2, Nimai Desai3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, WR5 1DD Worcester, UK.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|July 30, 2024
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Summary

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic heart condition involving fibro-fatty changes. This review clarifies ACM

Keywords:
arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathycardiac magnetic resonance imagingdesmosomal geneselectrophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disorder characterized by fibro-fatty replacement of cardiac myocytes.
  • While historically considered right ventricular-dominant, ACM increasingly presents with biventricular or left-dominant involvement.
  • Distinguishing ACM from other cardiomyopathies is challenging due to overlapping clinical and imaging features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetic basis of ACM.
  • To delineate the clinical and imaging manifestations of ACM.
  • To provide an analytical perspective on current diagnostic criteria for ACM.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of existing literature on ACM genetics, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria.
  • Analysis of the evolution and application of diagnostic criteria, including the 2010 task force guidelines.
  • Focus on integrating electrophysiological, imaging, genetic, and histological data for diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • ACM has a complex genetic etiology.
  • Phenotypic presentations of ACM are diverse, extending beyond the right ventricle.
  • Current diagnostic criteria require a comprehensive, multi-modality approach.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of ACM is crucial for timely intervention and cascade screening.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings and diverse phenotypes is key to refining diagnostic strategies.
  • This review aims to provide a framework for evidence-based ACM diagnosis and patient management.