Non-Linear Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk and Lipid Profile: Data from the 2015-2018 National...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Sleep Medicine
• Metabolic Health

Background:

• The multivariable apnea prediction (MAP) index estimates obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk using symptom frequency, BMI, age, and sex.
• Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
• Understanding the relationship between OSA risk and lipid profiles is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the association between the MAP index and lipid profiles (HDL-C, TC, LDL-C, TG).
• To investigate the potential mediating role of physical activity in the link between OSA risk, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular mortality.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional and retrospective analysis of 3195 participants from NHANES (2015-2018).
• Weighted linear regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis to assess MAP index and lipid associations.
• Mediation analysis to evaluate the role of physical activity.

Main Results:

• A non-linear relationship was found between OSA severity (MAP index) and adverse lipid profiles, including elevated TC, LDL-C, TG, and decreased HDL-C.
• Physical activity mediated the association between the MAP index and hyperlipidemia (16.6% indirect effect).
• Physical activity also mediated the association between the MAP index and cardiovascular mortality (16.7% indirect effect).

Conclusions:

• Individuals at high risk for OSA exhibit a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia.
• Physical activity demonstrates a beneficial impact on lipid metabolism and may mitigate cardiovascular risk in OSA patients.