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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Progress and Challenges of Understanding Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3.

Raquel Silva Neres-Santos1, Giovana Marchini Armentano1, Jéssica Verônica da Silva1

  • 1Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, 09210-170 Santo André, SP, Brazil.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|July 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are exploring cardiorenal syndromes (CRSs) using advanced "omics" technologies. This review focuses on micro-RNAs, epigenetic factors, and extracellular vesicles in understanding CRS type 3.

Keywords:
acute cardiac injuryacute kidney injuryacute renocardiac syndromecardiorenal syndrome type 3epigeneticsheart failure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cardiorenal syndromes (CRSs) involve complex interactions between kidney and heart pathologies.
  • Recent advancements in "omics" technologies offer new insights into CRS mechanisms.
  • Understanding the kidney-heart axis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on cardiorenal syndromes (CRSs).
  • To highlight the role of "omics" technologies in understanding CRSs.
  • To focus on future perspectives for CRS type 3.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cardiorenal syndromes.
  • Analysis of "omics" data, including micro-RNAs (miRNAs), epigenetics, and extracellular vesicles (EVs).
  • Focus on large-scale analysis techniques for data integration.

Main Results:

  • Micro-RNAs (miRNAs), epigenetic factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in CRSs.
  • "Omics" approaches are revolutionizing the understanding of the kidney-heart axis.
  • Integration of large-scale data is essential for advancing CRS research.

Conclusions:

  • Future research should leverage "omics" to unravel CRS pathophysiology.
  • Targeting miRNAs, epigenetic factors, and EVs holds therapeutic potential for CRSs.
  • Further investigation into CRS type 3 is warranted.