Unveiling the global reach of African anthrax research: A bibliometric study

Anthrax is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. It poses significant threat to humans through contact with infected animals or their by-products. Concerns arise from its long-lasting spore viability and lethality, fuelling its biowarfare potential. Recent anthrax outbreaks across multiple African nations prompted this bibliometric study. The aim of the study was to assess the contributions of African countries, institutions, authors, research funding, and collaborations, while identifying research trends and gaps. We conducted an extensive bibliometric analysis of anthrax-related research publications in Africa from 1923 to 2023, utilizing the Scopus database and VOSviewer. The study covered 364 publications from 32 African countries, accumulating 5,636 citations at an average of 15.5 citations per article, with research articles comprising 88.5% of the corpus. The publication growth rate from 1923 to 2023 was modest at 8.3%, indicating gradual advancement. Notably, there was a significant surge in publications between 2011 and 2023, accounting for 73.1% of total publications. The African research contributions, were categorized into five thematic focuses: ecological dynamics and host interactions, human-livestock anthrax interface, molecular insights into bacterial activity and treatment strategies, collaborative approaches for zoonotic disease prevention, and antibody response and vaccination strategies. Leading institutional contributors included the University of Pretoria and the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Collaborations extended globally to 35 non-African countries, with significant involvement from the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany. Strong African partnerships, especially between Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa, emerged. The top 10 cited papers explored diverse aspects, including disease impact on wildlife and innovative control strategies, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary approaches. South Africa played a prominent role, contributing 95 publications and securing funding from various sources, including the National Research Foundation. Collaborations with global institutions highlighted its commitment. This study unveils the dynamic landscape of anthrax research in Africa, emphasizing the pivotal role of collaboration, multidisciplinary One Health approaches, and global partnerships in enhancing research outcomes. Ongoing research and practical solutions for human and animal health remain imperative.