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Effects of a New Group of Antidiabetic Drugs in Metabolic Diseases

Jaime Sanz-Cánovas1,2, Michele Ricci1,2, Lidia Cobos-Palacios1,2

  • 1Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|July 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors offer significant benefits beyond diabetes management. These drugs protect against heart failure hospitalizations, cardiovascular events, and kidney disease progression, impacting various metabolic conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases cardiovascular risk, making it the leading cause of death in diabetic patients.
  • T2DM patients often have multiple comorbidities including hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, NAFLD, PCOS, and osteoporosis.
  • A comprehensive management approach is crucial for T2DM patients, addressing comorbidities holistically.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the use and effects of Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in treating various metabolic diseases associated with T2DM.
  • To consolidate understanding of SGLT2 inhibitors' broad therapeutic applications beyond glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of data concerning SGLT2 inhibitors' efficacy and safety profiles.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding SGLT2 inhibitors' impact on cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate significant benefits in preventing heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality in T2DM patients.
  • These agents provide renal protection by limiting glomerular filtration rate deterioration, independent of diabetes status.
  • Evidence suggests SGLT2 inhibitors may positively influence other metabolic comorbidities, though mechanisms require further review.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors represent a valuable therapeutic class for managing T2DM, offering substantial cardiovascular and renal protection.
  • Their pleiotropic effects extend to potential benefits in managing associated metabolic diseases, warranting further investigation.
  • An integrated treatment strategy incorporating SGLT2 inhibitors is recommended for comprehensive patient care.
Keywords:
SGLT2 inhibitorsmetabolic diseasestype 2 diabetes mellitus

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