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Shin splints--a literature review.

P Bates

    British Journal of Sports Medicine
    |September 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Shin splints lack a specific diagnosis, often masking varied causes of exertional shin pain. Accurately identifying pain location and etiology improves athlete communication and treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Orthopedics
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • "Shin splints" is a common, yet non-specific, descriptor for chronic exertional shin pain in athletes.
    • The term encompasses a variety of underlying pathologies affecting the tibia and surrounding structures.
    • Current terminology hinders precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To advocate for a more precise diagnostic approach to exertional shin pain.
    • To emphasize the need for location- and etiology-based descriptions over the general term "shin splints."
    • To improve clinical communication and therapeutic accuracy for athletes experiencing shin pain.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on the etiology and diagnosis of chronic exertional shin pain.

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  • Analysis of anatomical variations contributing to diverse presentations of shin pain.
  • Conceptual framework proposed for descriptive diagnosis based on pain characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence indicates "shin splints" is an umbrella term for multiple distinct conditions.
    • Pain location (e.g., medial vs. lateral tibia) and cause (e.g., periostitis vs. compartment syndrome) vary significantly.
    • Anatomical variability underlies the diverse clinical presentations of shin pain.

    Conclusions:

    • Replacing "shin splints" with specific diagnoses (e.g., medial tibial stress syndrome, exertional compartment syndrome) is recommended.
    • Describing pain by location and etiology (e.g., "lower medial tibial pain due to periostitis") enhances diagnostic clarity.
    • Adopting precise terminology facilitates better physician-to-physician communication and optimizes patient treatment strategies.