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Association between Dental and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review.
Louis Hardan1, Anthony Matta2,3, Rim Bourgi1
1Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, 1107 2180 Beirut, Lebanon.
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|July 30, 2024
Summary
Poor oral hygiene, including tooth loss and periodontitis, may increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Dental professionals can aid public health efforts in cardiovascular disease control.
Area of Science:
- Oral Health
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- The relationship between dental conditions and cardiovascular diseases remains debated.
- Investigating the link between oral health and cardiovascular disease is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing literature on the association between dental conditions and cardiovascular disease development.
- To synthesize evidence regarding the impact of oral health on cardiovascular outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Literature search conducted across major databases: PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and SciELO.
- Inclusion criteria applied to 6680 records, with 82 articles selected for final analysis.
Main Results:
- Out of 82 included studies, 10 found no association between dental disease and cardiovascular disease.
- A potential link was suggested by the remaining 72 trials, primarily focusing on tooth loss and periodontitis.
- Major cardiovascular events studied included coronary artery disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction.
- Mechanisms discussed include direct pathways (systemic inflammation, cytokine leakage, pathogen invasion) and indirect pathways (common risk factors).
Conclusions:
- Tooth loss, periodontitis, and poor oral hygiene appear to elevate the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events.
- Oral health care professionals can play a role in public health initiatives for cardiovascular disease prevention and control.
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