Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm
06:18

Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm

Published on: September 17, 2021

1.4K

Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches

Zijie Lin1, Xinyi Lin1, Xin Zhao2

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|July 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) causes heart attacks by temporarily blocking arteries. Recent research clarifies CAS risk factors, mechanisms like inflammation, and improves diagnostic tools for better accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Coronary artery spasm (CAS) causes myocardial ischemia, often with non-obstructive coronary arteries.
  • Understanding CAS risk factors and pathophysiology has advanced significantly.
  • New diagnostic methods, including imaging and biomarkers, are emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on CAS risk factors.
  • To summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms of CAS.
  • To analyze recent advancements in CAS diagnostic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research on coronary artery spasm.
  • Synthesis of data on risk factors and mechanisms.
  • Analysis of diagnostic technologies and biomarkers for CAS.

Main Results:

  • CAS involves endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity, and adipose tissue inflammation.
  • Progress has been made in identifying CAS risk factors.
  • Novel diagnostic tools offer improved accuracy and yield.

Conclusions:

  • CAS is a critical cause of myocardial ischemia.
  • Enhanced understanding of mechanisms and risk factors aids clinical diagnosis.
  • Advanced diagnostic approaches improve the accuracy and efficiency of CAS detection.

Keywords:
adventitial inflammationcoronary artery spasmdiagnostic approachesendothelial dysfunctionrisk factorsvascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivity

More Related Videos

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders05:58

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: February 3, 2021

3.4K
Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders06:39

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2016

15.7K

Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
1.2K
Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine01:25

Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine

Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
481
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
69
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
1.3K
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
624
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
128