Dermatomyositis Associated With High-Grade B-Lymphoproliferative Disorders: A Case Report and Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Oncology
• Hematology

Background:

• Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), including dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis, are autoimmune disorders.
• IIMs are associated with various malignancies, predominantly solid tumors, but also hematological malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a case of DM associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• To review the literature on the pathogenesis, clinical course, treatment, and prognosis of IIM-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs).
• To discuss diagnostic and management challenges of LPDs in IIM patients and highlight the importance of cancer screening.

Main Methods:

• Case report presentation.
• Comprehensive literature review focusing on IIM and LPD association.
• Discussion of diagnostic and management strategies.
• Analysis of current cancer screening guidelines for IIM patients.

Main Results:

• A case of dermatomyositis co-occurring with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was identified.
• Literature review confirmed a significant association between IIM and LPDs, though less common than solid tumors.
• Challenges in diagnosing and managing underlying LPDs in IIM patients were identified.

Conclusions:

• Vigilance for LPDs is essential in patients diagnosed with IIM.
• The International Guideline for IIM-Associated Cancer Screening provides a framework for proactive screening.
• Further research is needed to refine cancer screening protocols and address knowledge gaps in IIM-associated cancers.