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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Assessment of Acute Wound Healing using the Dorsal Subcutaneous Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Implantation and Excisional Tail Skin Wound Models.
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Reprogramming macrophages with R848-loaded artificial protocells to modulate skin and skeletal wound healing.

Paco López-Cuevas1, Tiah C L Oates2, Qiao Tong3

  • 1School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.

Journal of Cell Science
|July 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that R848-loaded protocells reprogram innate immune cells, specifically macrophages, to enhance wound healing. This reprogramming improves skin and bone repair, and boosts bacterial clearance in infected wounds.

Keywords:
BoneInflammationMacrophagesProtocellsWound healingZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Inflammatory cells are crucial for wound repair, clearing debris and coordinating cellular behavior.
  • Modulating inflammatory responses is key to improving healing outcomes in tissue injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of reprogramming innate immune cells in vivo using cargo-loaded protocells.
  • To evaluate how this reprogramming affects inflammatory responses during skin and skeletal repair.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized zebrafish as a model organism due to its translucency and genetic tractability.
  • Employed live imaging to observe protocell engulfment by macrophages and subsequent cellular changes.
  • Loaded protocells with R848 cargo to target Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) signaling.

Main Results:

  • Protocells loaded with R848 cargo reprogrammed macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
  • This reprogramming altered angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization in skin wound healing.
  • Observed dampened osteoblast and osteoclast recruitment and reduced bone mineralization during fracture repair.
  • R848-reprogrammed macrophages showed enhanced bactericidal activity in infected wounds, leading to improved healing.
  • Replication in human macrophages confirmed similar reprogramming effects.

Conclusions:

  • In vivo reprogramming of innate immune cells with R848-loaded protocells can modulate inflammatory responses for improved wound healing.
  • This strategy shows potential for clinical application in managing wound inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration.