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Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
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Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
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Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

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A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
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Medication Optimization Protocol Efficacy for Geriatric Inpatients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Kenya Ie1,2, Masanori Hirose1, Tsubasa Sakai1,2

  • 1Department of General Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.

JAMA Network Open
|July 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A multidisciplinary medication optimization intervention for older inpatients with polypharmacy did not reduce hospital visits or rehospitalization. However, it effectively reduced the number of prescribed medications without increasing adverse events.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Polypharmacy is prevalent in older inpatients, lacking consensus on effective interventions.
  • Managing multiple medications in elderly patients poses significant clinical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a multidisciplinary team-based medication optimization strategy.
  • Assessed impact on survival, unscheduled hospital visits, and rehospitalization in older adults with polypharmacy.

Main Methods:

  • Open-label randomized clinical trial involving 442 older inpatients (≥65 years) on ≥5 medications.
  • Intervention group received medication review (STOPP/START criteria) and optimization proposal by a multidisciplinary team.
  • Control group received usual care; outcomes assessed at 12 months.

Main Results:

  • The intervention group showed a significant reduction in potentially inappropriate medications at discharge, 6, and 12 months.
  • No significant difference was observed in the primary composite outcome (death, unscheduled visits, rehospitalization) between groups (49.3% vs 51.5%).
  • Adverse events were similar between the intervention and usual care groups.

Conclusions:

  • Multidisciplinary medication optimization did not reduce mortality, unscheduled visits, or rehospitalization in older inpatients with polypharmacy.
  • The intervention successfully reduced the number of prescribed medications without negatively impacting clinical outcomes.
  • Further research may explore tailored deprescribing strategies for this population.