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Responses to Drought and Flooding

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

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Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes

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Utilizing machine learning and bioinformatics analysis to identify drought-responsive genes affecting yield in

Chunhui Zhu¹, Ling Zhao², Shaoxing Zhao²

¹College of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|July 30, 2024

Summary

Researchers identified two key genes in foxtail millet that enhance drought tolerance and grain yield. These findings offer a pathway to breed high-yielding, stress-resilient crops for global food security.

Keywords:

Drought stress Foxtail millet Haplotype Machine learning

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Drought stress significantly limits crop yields, impacting global food security.
Enhancing crop stress tolerance often results in a yield penalty.
Precision genome editing offers potential solutions, but knowledge of relevant genes is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify drought-responsive genes in foxtail millet that can improve both stress tolerance and yield.
To investigate the potential of specific gene haplotypes for breeding drought-tolerant, high-yielding cultivars.
To leverage foxtail millet as a model C4 crop for genetic engineering.

Main Methods:

Machine learning-based transcriptome analysis of drought-tolerant and sensitive foxtail millet cultivars.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to screen candidate genes.
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) for experimental validation.
Haplotype analysis of identified genes across 1844 germplasm resources.

Main Results:

Identified 46 drought-responsive candidate genes using machine learning.
Screened and validated 12 key drought-responsive genes.
Discovered two genes (Seita.5G251300 and Seita.8G036300) with drought-tolerant haplotypes.
These two genes showed improved 1000 grain weight and main panicle grain weight without yield penalty.

Conclusions:

Seita.5G251300 and Seita.8G036300 are promising targets for breeding drought-tolerant and high-yielding foxtail millet.
Genetic manipulation of these genes can enhance crop resilience and productivity.
Provides crucial insights for developing climate-resilient crops through advanced breeding technologies.