Multi-Tissue Controls and Multiplex Immunocytochemistry in Pulmonary Cytology

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Diagnostics
• Pathology
• Cancer Research

Background:

• The 2021 WHO lung cancer classification emphasizes immunohistochemistry (IHC).
• Traditional IHC is limited to one marker per section, posing challenges for small cytological samples.
• Multiplex immunocytochemistry (mICC) enables simultaneous detection of multiple markers on a single section.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a comprehensive methodology for automated multiplex immunoperoxidase staining.
• To detail protocols for multiplex immunocytochemistry (mICC) and multi-tissue hybrid controls.
• To optimize markers for diagnostic workup and immunotherapy assessment.

Main Methods:

• Development of an automated multiplex immunoperoxidase staining protocol.
• Implementation of multi-tissue hybrid controls for quality assurance in ICC/mICC.
• Detailed presentation of optimization strategies for various diagnostic markers.

Main Results:

• Established a robust mICC methodology for simultaneous marker detection.
• Demonstrated the utility of multi-tissue controls for quality assurance.
• Provided optimized protocols for diagnostic applications, including immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

• Multiplex IHC/ICC is a transformative technology for diagnostics and research.
• It enhances understanding of tissue complexity, co-localization, and cellular populations.
• The presented automated method and controls advance precision in pulmonary carcinoma diagnosis and personalized treatment.