[Inflammatory causes of stroke-Diagnostics and treatment]

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

14.8K

Antje Schmidt-Pogoda1, Frederike A Straeten2, Carolin Beuker2

  • 1Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für Translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland. antje.schmidt-pogoda@ukmuenster.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|July 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Inflammatory strokes, including primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) and infections like sepsis, present diagnostic challenges. This review details current diagnostic and treatment guidelines for these complex stroke causes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Inflammatory conditions are frequent causes of stroke, often lacking clear diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.
  • Recent guidelines from the European Stroke Organization and German Neurological Society address primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS).
  • Strokes can also arise as complications of systemic infections such as sepsis, bacterial meningitis, and bacterial endocarditis.

Purpose:

  • To summarize key characteristics of inflammatory stroke causes.
  • To focus on current diagnostic and therapeutic management recommendations for these stroke types.
  • To provide an overview of stroke as a complication in sepsis, meningitis, and endocarditis.

Summary:

  • This article reviews inflammatory stroke etiologies, including primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) and infection-related strokes.
  • It highlights diagnostic challenges and summarizes recent guideline recommendations for PACNS and systemic vasculitides.
  • The review details the incidence of stroke in sepsis (5%), bacterial meningitis (20%), and bacterial endocarditis (up to 40%), emphasizing management strategies.

Impact:

  • Provides clinicians with updated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing inflammatory and infection-related strokes.
  • Aims to improve patient outcomes by addressing the complexities and challenges in treating these stroke subtypes.
  • Contributes to the understanding of stroke as a complication in systemic inflammatory and infectious diseases.

Keywords:
Bacterial endocarditisGiant cell arteritisMeningitisPrimary angiitis of the central nervous systemSepsis

More Related Videos

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

12.0K
Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research07:34

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.9K

Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...