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Trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility among Chinese neonates from 2012 to 2021: a multicenter study

Zhanghua Yin1, Jintong Tan1, Huafei Huang2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
|July 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Antimicrobial susceptibility in Chinese neonates showed overall improvement over a decade, with notable increases in susceptibility for common pathogens like E. coli and S. aureus. However, Enterococcus spp. resistance to ampicillin declined significantly.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat.
  • Limited data exists on antimicrobial susceptibility trends in Chinese neonates.
  • Existing research primarily focuses on adult populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess antimicrobial susceptibility trends in common pathogens affecting full-term neonates in China.
  • To analyze changes in susceptibility over a ten-year period (2012-2021).
  • To provide insights into the effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship in neonatal care.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional survey study involving 17 hospitals in China from January 2012 to December 2021.
  • Joinpoint regression model used to analyze trends and calculate Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC).
  • Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test compared minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 2019 and 2021.

Main Results:

  • Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-negative strains increased significantly (AAPC = 62.4%).
  • Increased susceptibility observed for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) to erythromycin and clindamycin, and Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin.
  • Declined susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. to ampicillin (AAPC = -11.7%); no significant improvement for E. coli against ampicillin, gentamicin, and cephalosporin.

Conclusions:

  • Antimicrobial susceptibility of prevalent pathogens in Chinese neonates has generally improved or remained stable over the past decade.
  • These trends suggest the emerging effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship policies and practices.
  • Continued surveillance is crucial for monitoring resistance patterns and guiding treatment strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Antimicrobial susceptibilityChinaFull-term neonatesInvasive bacterial infectionsMinimum inhibitory concentrationTrends

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