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The Brief Symptom Inventory-9 (BSI-9): Development and validation in a German general population sample.
C MacDonald1, K Brophy1, A Coroiu2
1McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
The nine-item Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-9) is a validated and reliable screening tool for psychological distress in the general population. This short questionnaire effectively measures somatisation, anxiety, and depression.
Area of Science:
- Psychological assessment
- Psychometrics
- Mental health screening
Background:
- The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) is an established self-report measure for psychological distress.
- A need exists for briefer screening tools for distress, encompassing somatisation, anxiety, and depression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a shorter, nine-item version (BSI-9) of the BSI-18.
- To establish the BSI-9 as a brief screening tool for distress in the general population.
Main Methods:
- Confirmatory factor analyses were performed on a representative German general population sample.
- Reliability and validity analyses were conducted to evaluate the BSI-9's psychometric properties.
Main Results:
- Confirmatory factor analysis supported a robust three-dimensional structure for the BSI-9.
- The BSI-9 demonstrated strong internal consistency for the global severity index (α=0.87) and acceptable consistency for its subscales.
- The BSI-9 subscales showed significant correlations with established measures like the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25.
Conclusions:
- The BSI-9 is a short, valid, and reliable instrument for screening psychological distress.
- Further research is recommended to explore the BSI-9's utility in clinical settings and diverse cultural contexts.

