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Quantification of First Metatarsal Joint Surface Interactions in Hallux Rigidus Using Distance and Coverage Mapping:
Matthew Thomas Jones1, Samuel Braza1, Vineel Mallavarapu1
1Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Foot & Ankle International
|July 31, 2024
Summary
Weightbearing cone-beam computed tomography (WBCT) reveals specific joint space narrowing in hallux rigidus (HR) patients, particularly in the plantar medial quadrant. These findings offer new ways to quantify HR changes using distance and coverage mapping.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Radiology
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Weightbearing cone-beam computed tomography (WBCT) offers advanced analysis of foot and ankle structures compared to conventional radiography.
- WBCT enables novel metrics like distance and coverage mapping for conditions such as hallux rigidus (HR).
Purpose of the Study:
- To retrospectively assess hallux rigidus (HR) joint space using distance and coverage mapping via WBCT.
- To compare these metrics between HR patients and a control group.
Main Methods:
- WBCT images of 20 HR patients and 20 controls were analyzed using a custom 3D modeling algorithm.
- Distance and coverage mapping metrics for the first metatarsophalangeal and metatarsosesamoid joints were extracted and compared.
- Correlation between mapping metrics and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores was assessed in HR patients.
Main Results:
- HR patients exhibited an 11.8% average decrease in first metatarsophalangeal joint space width (P=.02).
- No significant changes in overall joint coverage were observed.
- Reduced joint space and increased surface coverage were specifically noted in the plantar medial quadrant of the first metatarsal head in HR patients.
- VAS scores showed a weak but significant correlation with dorsolateral quadrant coverage (R²=0.26, P=.03).
Conclusions:
- Distance and coverage mapping provide a complementary method for quantifying HR joint changes.
- These metrics can enhance future research into joint articulation alterations in hallux rigidus.
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