Recent advances on nanomaterial-based glutathione sensors

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Materials Science and Nanotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Glutathione (GSH) is a critical thiol-containing molecule involved in numerous cellular functions.
• Altered GSH levels are linked to the progression of various diseases, necessitating accurate detection methods.
• Current GSH sensing techniques face limitations in quantitative analysis, dynamic monitoring, and biological compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in nanomaterial-based sensors for detecting glutathione (GSH).
• To explore diverse nanomaterial categories used in fabricating chemo- and biosensors for GSH.
• To elucidate the fabrication, mechanisms, and methodologies of nano-biosensors for GSH detection.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of nanomaterial-based GSH detection strategies.
• Categorization of nanomaterials including carbon, polymeric, quantum dots (QDs), COFs, MOFs, metal-based, and silicon-based.
• Analysis of fabrication techniques, sensing mechanisms, and detection methodologies for nano-biosensors.

Main Results:

• Nanostructured materials offer enhanced sensitivity, large surface area, and electro-catalytic activity for GSH sensing.
• Engineered nanomaterials show promise for improving disease diagnosis precision and treatment specificity.
• A wide array of nanomaterials are being tailored for sensitive and specific GSH detection.

Conclusions:

• Nanomaterial-based approaches represent a significant advancement in GSH detection methodologies.
• This review addresses a gap by comprehensively covering nano-fabrication, mechanisms, and applications for GSH detection.
• Further research into nanomaterial applications can lead to improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.