Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2026

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
Published on: September 17, 2014
A safety signal for congenital strabismus associated with valproic acid: A pharmacovigilance analysis utilizing the
Yuichi Uwai1, Tomohiro Nabekura1
1School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
Abstract:
This pharmacovigilance study investigated the relationship between antiepileptic drugs and congenital strabismus, utilizing the FDA Adverse Event Report System database between 2014 and 2023. Out of 28 347 889 reports of adverse events in 10 937 764 cases, we identified 1104 reports of strabismus and 67 of congenital strabismus. Valproic acid was the most frequently implicated primary suspect drug (95 and 14 cases, respectively). Ninety-five reports involved transplacental valproic acid exposure, yielding an information component (IC) of 7.06 (IC-2 × standard deviation: 5.50). A multivariate analysis showed that transplacental exposure to valproic acid correlated with strabismus (adjusted odds ratio: 8.47, 95% CI: 6.74-10.65). We revealed a robust safety signal linking valproic acid to congenital strabismus.
More Related Videos
10:30Simultaneous Recording of Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Rats
Published on: July 1, 2016
08:38Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards
Published on: September 3, 2020
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacovigilance
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
Teratogenicity
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors