Development of a Type I-E CRISPR-Based Programmable Repression System for Fine-Tuning Metabolic Flux toward...

The CRISPR-based regulation tools enable fine-tuning of gene transcription, showing potential in areas of biomanufacturing and live therapeutics. However, the cell toxicity and PAM specificity of existing CRISPR-based regulation systems limit their broad application. The development of new and less-toxic CRISPR-controlled expression systems remains highly desirable for expanding the application scope of CRISPR-based tools. Here, we reconstituted the type I CRISPR-Cas system from Escherichia coli to finely tune gene expression in Bacillus subtilis. Through engineering the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs of cas genes, we remarkably improved the efficacy of the type I CRISPRi system. The improved type I CRISPRi system was applied in engineering the D-pantothenic acid (DPA)-producing B. subtilis, which was generated by strengthening the metabolic flux toward β-alanine and (R)-pantoate via enhancing expression of key enzymes at both transcriptional and translational levels. Through controlling the expression of pdhA with the CRISPRi system for fine-tuning the metabolic flux toward DPA and the TCA cycle, we elevated the DPA titer to 0.88 g/L in shake flasks and 12.81 g/L in fed-batch fermentations without the addition of the precursor β-alanine. The type I CRISPRi system and the strategy for fine-tuning metabolic flux reported here not only enrich the CRISPR toolbox in B. subtilis and facilitate DPA production through microbial fermentation but also provide a paradigm for programming important organisms to produce value-added chemicals with cheap raw materials.