Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG coating with nanocomposite ameliorates intestinal inflammation

The steady increase in the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is regarded as a worldwide health issue. Gut microorganisms could modulate host immune and metabolic status and are associated with health effects. Probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), are beneficial microorganisms that ameliorate disease and exert advantageous effects on intestinal homeostasis. However, the viability of probiotics will suffer from various risk factors in the digestive tract. In this view, we developed a probiotic coating with nanocomposite using tannic acid (TA) and casein phosphopeptide (CPP) through layer-by-layer technology to overcome the challenges after oral administration. LGG showed an improved survival rate in simulated gastrointestinal conditions after coated. The coating (LGG/TA-Mg²⁺/CPP) had potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability and improved the survival rate of colorectal epithelial cells after H₂O₂ stimulation. In DSS-induced colitis, administration of LGG/TA-Mg²⁺/CPP ameliorated intestinal inflammation and reduced the disruption of barrier function. Furthermore, LGG/TA-Mg²⁺/CPP increased the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota. In the mouse model of DSS colitis, LGG/TA-Mg²⁺/CPP can better activate the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway, thereby protecting the epithelial barrier function of the colon epithelium. In conclusion, the probiotic coating with nanocomposite may become a delivery platform for probiotics applied to IBD.