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Improved titanium-44 purification process for establishing a high apparent molar activity titanium-44/scandium-44

S Huclier-Markai¹, D G Medvedev², C S Cutler²

¹SUBATECH, UMR 6457, Nantes Université / IMT Atlantique / CNRS-IN2P3, 4 rue Alfred Kastler La Chantrerie, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes, France; ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax - CS 10112, 44817 Saint-Herblain Cedex, France; Brookhaven National Laboratory, Isotope Research and Production Department, Upton, NY 11973, USA.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine

|July 31, 2024

Summary

Improved methods for producing scandium-44 (⁴⁴Sc) via titanium-44 (⁴⁴Ti) generators enhance availability. This study details a more efficient radiochemical separation and generator setup, achieving high apparent molar activity for ⁴⁴Sc radiopharmaceuticals.

Keywords:

(44)Sc (44)Ti Chromatography DGA® resin Precipitation ZR® resin

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2025

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An Automated Radiosynthesis of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 for Routine Clinical Use

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Published on: May 24, 2024

Area of Science:

Nuclear Medicine
Radiochemistry
Medical Isotope Production

Background:

Scandium-44 (⁴⁴Sc) radiopharmaceuticals show promise but face availability challenges.
Existing ⁴⁴Ti/⁴⁴Sc generators have limitations, particularly in separating ⁴⁴Ti from target material.
Efficient separation of ⁴⁴Ti is crucial for developing practical ⁴⁴Sc-based medical imaging agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To improve the radiochemical separation of ⁴⁴Ti from scandium target material.
To establish a small-scale ⁴⁴Ti/⁴⁴Sc generator with high apparent molar activity.
To evaluate the generator's performance in radiolabeling applications.

Main Methods:

Enhanced separation of ⁴⁴Ti from scandium using fluoride precipitation.
Two generator setups: one with extraction chromatography (DGA resin) and another direct loading onto Zr resin.
Radiolabeling evaluation using DOTA as a chelator for ⁴⁴Sc.

Main Results:

Successful improved radiochemical separation of ⁴⁴Ti via fluoride precipitation.
Development of a small-scale ⁴⁴Ti/⁴⁴Sc generator (370 kBq).
Achieved an apparent molar activity of 2 MBq/nmol for ⁴⁴Sc radiolabeling with DOTA.

Conclusions:

The improved separation and generator setup enhance the feasibility of daily ⁴⁴Sc production.
The obtained apparent molar activity is comparable to existing methods, supporting clinical applications.
This work contributes to increasing the availability of ⁴⁴Sc for nuclear medicine.