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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System
09:37

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

Published on: January 15, 2015

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In vivooptogenetics using a Utah Optrode Array with enhanced light output and spatial selectivity.

Niall McAlinden1, Christopher F Reiche2, Andrew M Clark3

  • 1SUPA, Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|July 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the Utah Optrode Array (UOA) for precise optogenetic stimulation in non-human primates. This improved device enhances light delivery and spatial selectivity for neural circuit manipulation.

Keywords:
neurotechnologynon-human primateoptical modellingoptogeneticsμLED

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optogenetics

Background:

  • Optogenetics offers precise neural circuit control but faces challenges in large animal models.
  • Scaling optogenetic tools for significant brain region manipulation remains a technological hurdle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Utah Optrode Array (UOA) for precise *in vivo* optogenetic brain stimulation in non-human primates.
  • To enhance spatial selectivity and efficiency of light delivery for neural targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an innovative glass/silicon substrate with through-silicon vias for an optical interposer.
  • Optical modeling to optimize device tip structure and predict illumination patterns.
  • In vivo testing in macaque visual cortex using Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressing neurons.

Main Results:

  • Thinning the UOA backplane improved light delivery efficiency by 80% and thermal performance.
  • Integration of an optical interposer significantly enhanced spatial selectivity by reducing stray light.
  • In vivo results confirmed predicted illumination profiles and demonstrated distinct neural responses based on stimulation sites.

Conclusions:

  • The UOA provides enhanced spatial and temporal precision for optogenetic stimulation in non-human primates.
  • The developed fabrication method and optical interposer design represent significant advancements in neural interface technology.
  • This technology enables more sophisticated studies of neural circuits in larger animal models.