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Causal Relationship Between Kidney Function and Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Ellen Dobrijevic1, Anita van Zwieten1, Andrew J Grant2

  • 1Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|July 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated if reduced kidney function causes cancer. Using Mendelian randomization, we found no evidence of a causal link between kidney function (eGFR and UACR) and overall cancer incidence or mortality.

Keywords:
CancerMendelian randomizationcausal inferencechronic kidney diseasekidney functionmortality

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Patients on kidney replacement therapy face higher cancer risks.
  • The causal relationship between earlier chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer remains unclear.
  • Potential confounding factors include immune suppression and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal association between reduced kidney function and cancer incidence/mortality.
  • To determine if estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatine ratio (UACR) causally influence cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
  • Utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for eGFR and UACR.
  • Included cancer outcome data from the UK Biobank.

Main Results:

  • Genetically predicted kidney function (eGFR and UACR) showed no association with overall cancer risk or cancer-related death.
  • Odds ratios for eGFR and UACR association with cancer incidence were 0.88 and 0.90, respectively.
  • While nonlinearity was observed for eGFR, stratified MR found no causal association with cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The study found no evidence of a causal association between reduced kidney function and overall cancer incidence or cancer-related death.
  • Limitations include potential reduced instrument strength for UACR due to sample overlap.
  • Further research may be needed to explore complex interactions in specific cancer types.